{"id":103,"date":"2023-05-01T13:30:18","date_gmt":"2023-05-01T10:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=103"},"modified":"2023-05-01T13:30:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-01T10:30:18","slug":"enerji-tarihinde-yeni-sayfa-yerli-dogal-gaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=103","title":{"rendered":"Enerji tarihinde yeni sayfa: Yerli do\u011fal gaz"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\n\tOME Petrol ve Gaz Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Sohbet Karbuz, Sakarya Gaz Sahas\u0131’nda ke\u015ffedilen ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131ma sunulan Karadeniz gaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve T\u00fcrkiye’deki farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini 3 soruda kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tKaradeniz gaz\u0131 nas\u0131l k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kullan\u0131labilir hale getirilebildi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tSakarya Sahas\u0131’n\u0131n ke\u015ffi her \u015feyden \u00f6nce “T\u00fcrkiye’de di\u015fe dokunur petrol ve gaz yoktur.” \u00f6n yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bertaraf etmi\u015f oldu. 3 taraf\u0131 denizlerle \u00e7evrili olan \u00fclkemizde belki olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z el vermedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yeterince arama yapamam\u0131\u015f\u0131z, belki de ke\u015fif yapabilece\u011fimize inanmam\u0131\u015f\u0131z. Olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z el vermemi\u015f olabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc derin denizlerde sondaj, ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 y\u00fczde 30’dan az olan bir te\u015febb\u00fcse 100 milyon dolar civar\u0131nda bir paran\u0131n riske at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu te\u015febb\u00fcs ke\u015fifle sonu\u00e7lansa bile onun ticari miktarda bir rezerv i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermemesi de cabas\u0131. Muhtemelen bu risk ve k\u0131staslar nedeniyle birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar T\u00fcrkiye’de derin sularda a\u00e7\u0131lan sondajlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 son derece yetersiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (TPAO) 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda envanterine katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk sondaj gemisinin ard\u0131ndan 3 geminin daha al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ve sahip oldu\u011fu 2 adet sismik ara\u015ft\u0131rma gemisiyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin teknik donan\u0131m\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f oldu. Karada oldu\u011fu gibi denizlerdeki kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan “varsa bulaca\u011f\u0131z” mottosuyla bu donan\u0131m\u0131n birle\u015fmesi sonucu 21 A\u011fustos 2020 tarihinde Karadeniz’deki en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal gaz ke\u015ffi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sakarya Do\u011falgaz Sahas\u0131’n\u0131n ke\u015ffi her ne kadar sevin\u00e7 yaratm\u0131\u015f olsa da beraberinde baz\u0131 karamsarl\u0131klar\u0131 getirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle devasa bir sahay\u0131 geli\u015ftirip \u00fcretime sokmak amiyane tabirle her babayi\u011fidin harc\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bilgi, teknik ve teknolojik donan\u0131m, tecr\u00fcbe, milyar dolarlarla ifade edilen mali g\u00fc\u00e7, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koordinasyon yetene\u011fi, h\u0131zl\u0131 karar alma yetisi, komplike planlama becerisi, muazzam i\u015fbirli\u011fi yan\u0131nda azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\n\tBu nedenle Karadeniz gaz\u0131n\u0131n, Akdeniz’de bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal gaz ke\u015ffi olan M\u0131s\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki Zohr sahas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffinden sonra, 28 ay gibi bir s\u00fcrede \u00fcretime sokulmas\u0131 sekt\u00f6rde rekor olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Karadeniz’deki en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011falgaz ke\u015ffi olan Sakarya Sahas\u0131’n\u0131 geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm imkanlar seferber edildi ve ke\u015fiften 32 ay sonra saha devreye al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t30 A\u011fustos 2015 tarihinde \u0130talyan enerji \u015firketi ENI taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen Zohr sahas\u0131, gerek rezerv b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, gerek su derinli\u011fi, gerekse sahan\u0131n\u0131n karaya uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 Sakarya sahas\u0131na benzerdir. Benzer olmayan ise s\u00f6z konusu 2 sahan\u0131n operat\u00f6rleridir. Bir tarafta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve gaz \u015firketlerinden biri olan, arama-\u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc teknik ve teknolojik bilgiye, beceriye, donan\u0131ma ve tecr\u00fcbeye sahip ENI gibi dev bir \u015firket, di\u011fer tarafta ise bug\u00fcne kadar bu konularda ad\u0131 bile an\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan TPAO. Benzer \u00f6zelliklere sahip 2 devasa sahan\u0131n geli\u015ftirilip \u00fcretime sokulmalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark ise sadece 4 ay. Bu, takdire \u015fayan bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye enerji tarihinde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7an Sakarya Sahas\u0131’n\u0131n ke\u015ffi ve \u00fcretime sokulmas\u0131 \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kazan\u0131md\u0131r. Umar\u0131z devam\u0131 gelir ve bu ke\u015fiflere petrol de eklenir.<\/p>\n

\n\tKaradeniz gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirisi ne olacak?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’de t\u00fcketilen do\u011fal gaz\u0131n (GAZB\u0130R verilerine g\u00f6re 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda 55 milyar metrek\u00fcp) tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 boru hatlar\u0131yla Rusya, Azerbaycan, \u0130ran’dan ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan ithal ediyor. Resmi kaynaklara g\u00f6re bu sahan\u0131n 1. faz\u0131ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck 10 milyon metrek\u00fcp \u00fcretim yap\u0131lacak olup, 2027 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren 2. faz\u0131n devreye girmesiyle bu miktar g\u00fcnl\u00fck 40 milyon metrek\u00fcpe, yani y\u0131ll\u0131k 14 milyar metrek\u00fcpe \u00e7\u0131kacak. Kanadal\u0131 Trillion Energy ve TPAO ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen G\u00fcney Ak\u00e7akoca Alt Havzas\u0131 Sahas\u0131’ndaki \u00fcretimle birlikte T\u00fcrkiye’nin toplam do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi 15 milyar metrek\u00fcp\u00fc ge\u00e7ecek. S\u00f6z konusu miktar\u0131n ka\u00e7 sene plato d\u00fczeyde seyredebilece\u011fi ise toplam rezerv b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve belirlenen \u00fcretim plan\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Rezerv rakamlar\u0131 sabit bir de\u011fer olmay\u0131p g\u00fcncel veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 veya yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak revize edildi\u011finden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc plato s\u00fcresi hakk\u0131nda net bir s\u00f6ylemde bulunmak zor.<\/p>\n

\n\tS\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirildi\u011fi \u00fczere Sakarya Sahas\u0131 gaz ithalat faturas\u0131n\u0131n ve cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131na olumlu etkiler sa\u011flayacak ve genel anlamda T\u00fcrk ekonomisinin geli\u015fimine katk\u0131larda bulunacak. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye’de, toplam do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte biri yerli \u00fcretimle kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r hale gelebilecek. Yerli \u00fcretimin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’nin enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini teminat alt\u0131na alma yolunda \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rebiliriz. Ancak bunun dolayl\u0131 etkilerini de bir kazan\u0131m olarak yorumlamak gerekir. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, d\u0131\u015f tedarik\u00e7ilerle olan gaz kontratlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda sona erecek. Bunlar\u0131n hangilerinin yenilenip yenilenmeyece\u011fi, yenilenecek veya yeni yap\u0131lacak kontratlar\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 gibi konularda yerli do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli rol oynamas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

\n\tYerli \u00fcretimin bir ba\u015fka yans\u0131mas\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011fal gaz ticareti merkezi olma hedefine ula\u015fma yolunda \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 vazifesi g\u00f6rme potansiyelidir. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 do\u011fal gaz ticareti merkezi ya da referans hublar\u0131n geli\u015fiminde yerli \u00fcretimin rol\u00fc yads\u0131namaz. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde (ABD) HH, \u0130ngiltere’de NBP ve Hollanda’da TTF’in referans hub olmas\u0131nda yerli \u00fcretimin katk\u0131s\u0131 bunun bariz \u00f6rnekleridir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Sakarya sahas\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan da \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak bir referans huba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmenin uzun soluklu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011fu; bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u015feffaf, rekabet\u00e7i, serbest bir piyasa mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve piyasa akt\u00f6rlerinin ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin gaz altyap\u0131s\u0131na eri\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli.<\/p>\n

\n\tKaradeniz gaz\u0131n\u0131n petrol ve do\u011fal gaz rekt\u00f6r\u00fcne katk\u0131s\u0131 ne olacak?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tKaradeniz gaz\u0131n\u0131n petrol ve do\u011fal gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne etkisine \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131lardan bakmak gerekir. Enerji politikas\u0131 cephesinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, muhtemelen \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye’nin a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde daha fazla arama-\u00fcretim odakl\u0131 bir yol izleyebilece\u011fini ifade edebiliriz. Bunun yabanc\u0131 petrol ve gaz \u015firketlerini ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz’deki gaz denklemini nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fi de merak edilen bir konudur.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’de petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne etkisi ve potansiyel katk\u0131lar\u0131 cephesinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Karadeniz gaz\u0131 sadece arama-\u00fcretim de\u011fil, hizmet ve servis gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli faaliyet kollar\u0131nda da yeni i\u015f olanaklar\u0131na kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p, bu kollar\u0131n geli\u015fimine olanak sa\u011flayabilecek. Sakarya Sahas\u0131’n\u0131n yeti\u015fecek teknik elemanlar i\u00e7in bir staj kap\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131; teknoloji geli\u015ftirmeye zemin sa\u011flamas\u0131; derin denizlerde petrol ve gaz arama, saha geli\u015ftirme, \u00fcretim konular\u0131nda bilgi birikiminin ve tecr\u00fcbenin artmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda kazan\u0131mlar sa\u011flamas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. B\u00f6ylece edinilecek tecr\u00fcbe, teknik donan\u0131m ve bilgiyle T\u00fcrk \u015firketleri belki gelecekte arama-\u00fcretimden tutun servis sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 arenada yer alacak. K\u0131sacas\u0131, Karadeniz gaz\u0131na sadece do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimi olarak bakmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

\n\tBu geli\u015fmeler gelecekte TPAO i\u00e7in de bir de\u011fi\u015fim ihtiyac\u0131 yaratabilir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte TPAO’nun ve BOTA\u015e’\u0131n muhtemel halka arzlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ancak somut bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lamad\u0131. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda belki bu konu tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirilerek Saudi Aramco \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da bir hissenin halka arz edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. E\u011fer ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilirse bunun T\u00fcrkiye’nin enerji ve maden sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne yay\u0131lmas\u0131 da g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>\n

\n\tKaradeniz gaz\u0131na uluslararas\u0131 petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fc cephesinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise devasa bir do\u011fal gaz rezervinin ke\u015ffi nedeniyle b\u00f6lgenin yeniden bir cazibe merkezi haline gelmesi beklenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle Romanya ve Bulgaristan sular\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek hareketlili\u011fe \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

\n
ET\u0130KETLER<\/div>\n
\n Do\u011falgaz
\n Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OME Petrol ve Gaz Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Sohbet Karbuz, Sakarya Gaz Sahas\u0131’nda ke\u015ffedilen ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[227,12,228,237,236,11,238],"class_list":["post-103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi-haberleri","tag-dogal","tag-enerji","tag-gaz","tag-sayfa","tag-tarihinde","tag-yeni","tag-yerli"],"yoast_head":"\nEnerji tarihinde yeni sayfa: Yerli do\u011fal gaz - Es-Exchange Ekonomi Haberleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=103\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enerji tarihinde yeni sayfa: Yerli do\u011fal gaz - 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