{"id":2847,"date":"2023-09-11T14:00:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T11:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=2847"},"modified":"2023-09-11T14:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T11:00:16","slug":"abye-ihracatta-karbon-mekanizmasi-sureci-basliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=2847","title":{"rendered":"AB’ye ihracatta karbon mekanizmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015fl\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\n\t\u00c7evresel etkileri s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele hedefiyle hayat ge\u00e7irilen S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenleme Mekanizmas\u0131 (SKDM), T\u00fcrkiye’den AB’ye ihracat yapan bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r\u00fc etkileyecek.<\/p>\n

\n\tYeni mekanizma ile AB \u00fclkelerinin ithalat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketlere, \u00fcretim yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkede \u00f6denen karbon fiyat\u0131 ile AB’deki karbon fiyat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 \u00f6demek i\u00e7in SKDM sertifikalar\u0131 sat\u0131n alma zorunlulu\u011fu getirilecek. Yeni mekanizma ile T\u00fcrkiye’den AB \u00fclkelerine yo\u011fun ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren sekt\u00f6rler, yeni politikan\u0131n etkilerini yak\u0131ndan hissedebilecek.<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00d6zellikle elektrik, al\u00fcminyum, g\u00fcbre, demir-\u00e7elik ve \u00e7imento gibi y\u00fcksek miktarda karbon emisyonu \u00fcretme potansiyeline sahip olan sekt\u00f6rler, yeni d\u00fczenlemelerden daha fazla etkilenebilecek.<\/p>\n

\n\tAB, bu sekt\u00f6rlerden ithal edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcksek karbon vergileri getirerek ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon sal\u0131m\u0131na sahip \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerine ge\u00e7meye te\u015fvik etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Uygulaman\u0131n bu sekt\u00f6rlere etkisinin ne oldu\u011fuyla birlikte sekt\u00f6rel bazda bu kapsamda at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131n sekt\u00f6rleri nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fi konusu da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n\tSKDM’den etkilenecek sekt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi’nin (T\u0130M) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 \u0130hracat Raporu’nda, Rusya, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ngiltere, G\u00fcney Kore, Hindistan, Brezilya, ABD ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n; se\u00e7ilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in tedbirden hemen etkilenecek \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tD\u00fczenlemenin bir yandan AB’ye ihracat yapan firmalar\u0131n karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya iterken di\u011fer yandan \u00fclkeler ve firmalar aras\u0131nda karbon azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir rekabet ortam\u0131 da yarataca\u011f\u0131 kaydedilen raporda, T\u00fcrkiye’nin, ilk a\u015famada s\u0131n\u0131rda karbon vergisi uygulanacak sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki demir-\u00e7elik, al\u00fcminyum, \u00e7imento ve g\u00fcbrede AB’ye \u00f6nemli miktarda ihracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Raporda, bu sekt\u00f6rlerin ilk a\u015famada d\u00fczenlemeden hemen etkilenece\u011fi vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tS\u0131n\u0131rda karbon vergisinde ihracat\u00e7\u0131 firmalar\u0131n karbon emisyonunun hesaplanmas\u0131nda Kapsam 3’\u00fcn kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekilen raporda, hem \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda hem kullan\u0131lan elektri\u011fin \u00fcretilmesinde hem de kullan\u0131lan girdilerin \u00fcretim ve tedariki a\u015famas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tKarbon vergisi \u00e7e\u015fitli varsay\u0131mlarla hesaplan\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t\u00dclkelerin SKDM ile ihracatta \u00f6deyecekleri karbon vergileri \u00e7e\u015fitli varsay\u0131mlar ile hesaplan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n\tBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ticaret ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131’n\u0131n (UNCTAD) geli\u015fen ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in 2021’de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u00fclkelerin 2020 itibar\u0131yla ihracat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 6 sekt\u00f6rde mevcut karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek bunlar\u0131n AB referans de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re farklar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131p ihracatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden al\u0131nacak karbon vergileri hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tYap\u0131lan hesaplama ile 1 ton fazla karbon emisyonu i\u00e7in 44 dolar \u00f6denece\u011fi varsay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u0130M’in raporunda da yer verilen T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan hesaplamada, \u00e7imento ve cam sekt\u00f6r\u00fc 2020 karbon emisyonu de\u011ferleri ile AB’ye ihracatta y\u00fczde 12,3’l\u00fck karbon vergisi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 1,1, al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 1,2, demir-\u00e7elik i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 2,9, rafineri petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 1,2, kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile g\u00fcbre i\u00e7in de y\u00fczde 2 karbon vergisi hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tSekt\u00f6rler, karbon sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 karbon vergisi oran\u0131 ve y\u00fck\u00fc de d\u00fc\u015fecek.<\/p>\n

\n\t“AB’ye ihracat hacmi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7imento, demir-\u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyum sekt\u00f6rleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Ekonomi ve Finans Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi (SEF\u0130A) Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Bengisu \u00d6zen\u00e7, konuya ili\u015fkin AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, SKDM’nin ilk etapta karbon yo\u011fun ilk 5 sekt\u00f6rde (\u00e7imento, demir-\u00e7elik, al\u00fcminyum, g\u00fcbre ve elektrik) uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan AB ihracat\u0131ndaki hacimler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7imento, demir-\u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyum sekt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00d6zen\u00e7, “Bu sekt\u00f6rler, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada da ‘karbonsuzla\u015fmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7’ sekt\u00f6rler olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fin elektrikte oldu\u011fu gibi, fosil yak\u0131ttan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak yenilenebilir enerjiye ge\u00e7i\u015fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak teknolojilerin hen\u00fcz yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi sekt\u00f6rler de\u011filler. Her ne kadar bu sekt\u00f6rlerde baz\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin elektrifikasyona uygun olmas\u0131 ya da alternatif malzemelere ge\u00e7ilmesi emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lsa da net-s\u0131f\u0131r hedefleri i\u00e7in hala ciddi oranda yeni teknolojilerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00f6zellikle ihracattaki muhtemel olumsuz etkilerin getirdi\u011fi motivasyonla SKDM’ye uyum i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken \u00d6zen\u00e7, bir yandan s\u00f6z konusu sekt\u00f6rlerdeki mevcut durumun, muhtemel karbonsuzla\u015fma patikalar\u0131n\u0131n, teknoloji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n analizleri yap\u0131l\u0131rken, di\u011fer taraftan da yurt i\u00e7inde emisyon ticaret sistemi kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n devam etti\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00d6zen\u00e7, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n

\n\t“Her ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli, ihracat\u00e7\u0131 firmalar g\u00fcndemi yak\u0131ndan takip edecek, uyum i\u00e7in stratejiler belirleyerek harekete ge\u00e7ecek kaynaklara sahip olsa da daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli firmalar\u0131n gerek fark\u0131ndal\u0131k gerekse d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme uyum konusunda geride kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7; yaln\u0131zca firmalar\u0131n tekil olarak haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmayaca\u011f\u0131, tedarik zinciri i\u00e7erisindeki t\u00fcm tedarik\u00e7ilerin fark\u0131nda ve haz\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. Bu nedenle kamunun, ihracat\u00e7\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli firmalar\u0131n t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerin haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda daha \u00e7ok sorumluluk almas\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve iddial\u0131 bir pozisyon almas\u0131 gerekiyor.”<\/p>\n

\n\t“T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2032’ye kadar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 toplam maliyetin y\u0131ll\u0131k 2,5 milyar dolar olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tBengisu \u00d6zen\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye’nin herhangi bir \u00f6nlem almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda sekt\u00f6rlerin olumsuz etkilenmesini bekledi\u011fini ifade ederek, “SEF\u0130A taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan raporda hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2032’ye kadar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 toplam maliyetin y\u0131ll\u0131k 2,5 milyar dolar olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor.” dedi.<\/p>\n

\n\t\u00d6zen\u00e7, yine ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ulusal bir emisyon ticaret sistemi (ETS) uygulamas\u0131 durumunda SKDM maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaydetti. Daha iddial\u0131 ETS fiyatlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda SKDM maliyetlerinin daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015ferken emisyonlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn en y\u00fcksek seviyede sa\u011flanabildi\u011fini aktaran \u00d6zen\u00e7, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n

\n\t“Ek olarak, ETS gelirleri yoluyla ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar sa\u011flayabilecek, karbonsuzla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rabilecek yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in de kaynak yaratmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Buradan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00fczere, T\u00fcrkiye’nin daha iddial\u0131 bir karbonsuzla\u015fma hedefi belirlemesi ve bunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak politikalar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymas\u0131 korkuldu\u011fu gibi ciddi ekonomik maliyetler getirmek yerine, de\u011fi\u015fen-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde daha y\u00fcksek bir rekabet\u00e7ilik, ekonomik ve sosyal fayda anlam\u0131na gelecektir.”\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n
ET\u0130KETLER<\/div>\n
\n Avrupa Birli\u011fi
\n \u0130hracat
\n T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi (T\u0130M)
\n Vergi
\n G\u00fcmr\u00fck Vergisi\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evresel etkileri s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele hedefiyle hayat ge\u00e7irilen S\u0131n\u0131rda Karbon D\u00fczenleme Mekanizmas\u0131 (SKDM),…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3534,307,1362,3535,2784,1289],"class_list":["post-2847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi-haberleri","tag-abye","tag-basliyor","tag-ihracatta","tag-karbon","tag-mekanizmasi","tag-sureci"],"yoast_head":"\nAB'ye ihracatta karbon mekanizmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015fl\u0131yor - Es-Exchange Ekonomi Haberleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=2847\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AB'ye ihracatta karbon mekanizmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015fl\u0131yor - 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