{"id":3994,"date":"2023-10-27T14:25:15","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T11:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=3994"},"modified":"2023-10-27T14:25:15","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T11:25:15","slug":"turkiye-badirelere-ragmen-dunyanin-en-buyuk-ekonomilerinden-biri-olmayi-basardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=3994","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye, badirelere ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerinden biri olmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\n\tGazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk liderli\u011finde Cumhuriyet’in kurucu kadrolar\u0131, siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kadar, iktisadi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdi. Bu kapsamda, 17 \u015eubat 1923’te \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larla \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n

\n\tAtat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn kongrenin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmadaki “Siyasi, askeri zaferler ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsunlar, iktisadi zaferlerle desteklenmezse payidar olamaz, az zamanda s\u00f6ner.” ifadeleri Cumhuriyet’in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda ekonominin ne kadar \u00f6ncelikli konular aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi oldu. Kongrede 281 maddeden olu\u015fan kararlar al\u0131n\u0131rken ekonomi politikas\u0131nda izlenecek yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7izildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tLozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yolunda \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden biri oldu. Kapit\u00fclasyonlar konusunda \u00e7\u0131kan fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre ara verilen anla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, 24 Temmuz 1923’te uzla\u015fmayla sona erdi\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye, hem ekonomik hem de siyasi olarak masadan eli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde kalkt\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni onaylayan Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile t\u00fcm kapit\u00fclasyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, T\u00fcrk bo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi de Milletler Cemiyetinin garantisi alt\u0131nda ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’ye b\u0131rak\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 bir komisyona devredildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tCumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131yla yeni d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet’in ilan edilmesiyle T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde de yeni d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131. Cumhuriyet’in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda devletle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn de \u00fcretime katk\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir ekonomik model izlendi. T\u00fcrkiye, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n savunmadan g\u0131daya, finanstan tekstile, madencilikten \u00e7imentoya kadar bir\u00e7ok alanda fabrikalar kurdu. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk u\u00e7ak fabrikas\u0131 TOMTA\u015e da 1926’da daha Cumhuriyet’in 3’\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyete ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\n\tMerkez Bankas\u0131 faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tK\u00fcresel ekonomiyi derinden sarsan 1929’daki “B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran”, gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye’yi de etkiledi. Bu d\u00f6nemde para krizinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n (TCMB) kurulma s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131 ve kurum 3 Ekim 1931’de faaliyetlerine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tKrizin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda toprak reformu yap\u0131larak tar\u0131m \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131ksa da ilerleyen zamanda devletin m\u00fcdahaleleri artt\u0131 ve sanayiye do\u011fru y\u00f6nelim oldu. 1932 ve 1936 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Birinci ve \u0130kinci 5 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayile\u015fme Planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bu planlamayla demir-\u00e7elik, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve makine gibi temel sanayilere \u00f6ncelik verildi. \u00dcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na uygun maliyetlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in demir yolu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 da a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesinden devral\u0131nan 3 bin 714 kilometrelik demir yolu a\u011f\u0131na, 1923-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 3 bin 780 kilometre daha eklendi.<\/p>\n

\n\tB\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran, 1939-1945 d\u00f6nemindeki 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n da en \u00f6nemli nedenleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda tarafs\u0131z kalmay\u0131 tercih ederken sava\u015f\u0131n etkilerinden ka\u00e7amad\u0131. D\u0131\u015f ticaret kesintiye u\u011frarken \u00fcretimde de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler meydana geldi.<\/p>\n

\n\tTOMTA\u015e’tan Devrim’e milli projeler<\/p>\n

\n\t2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyadaki ekonomik krizin etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in ABD kaynakl\u0131 Marshall Plan\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu. Yard\u0131mlardan T\u00fcrkiye’nin de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 16 \u00fclke yararland\u0131. Yard\u0131mlarla \u00fclkenin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 tar\u0131m ve hafif sanayiye y\u00f6nlendirilirken d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylemleri uzun s\u00fcre devam etti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sanayi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla baz\u0131 fabrikalar kapand\u0131. Bu fabrikalardan biri de 1926’da a\u00e7\u0131lan u\u00e7ak fabrikas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tSanayideki ilk u\u00e7ak fabrikas\u0131 deneyiminin ard\u0131ndan mihenk noktalar\u0131ndan biri de “Devrim” otomobilinin \u00fcretimi oldu. T\u00fcrkiye’nin kendine ait otomobil \u00fcretemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine ra\u011fmen proje 129 g\u00fcnde tamamland\u0131. 29 Ekim 1961 sabah\u0131 \u00fcretilen ilk otomobil TBMM \u00f6n\u00fcne getirilerek d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal G\u00fcrsel’e sunuldu.<\/p>\n

\n\t1960, 1971 ve 1980 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki askeri darbe ve muht\u0131ralar demokrasiyi oldu\u011fu kadar ekonomiyi de etkiledi. 1970-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ithal ikamesine dayanan politikada ya\u015fanan sorunlar, k\u00fcresel petrol krizi, K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131 ve ha\u015fha\u015f ekiminin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle ABD’nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambargo ekonomide yap\u0131sal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. Bu geli\u015fmelerin de tetiklemesiyle 1970’li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonu “T\u00fcrkiye’nin 70 sente muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fu” y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6ylemlere kadar uzanan ekonomik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\n\t1974 K\u0131br\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Harekat\u0131’nda ABD’nin T\u00fcrkiye’ye kar\u015f\u0131 silah ambargosu karar\u0131 almas\u0131 savunma sanayisindeki d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te savunmada yerli ve milli \u00fcretimin temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131. 1975’te ASELSAN kuruldu. Sonraki y\u0131llarda HAVELSAN, ROKETSAN’\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulu\u015flar birer birer faaliyete ge\u00e7irildi. Tar\u0131mda modernle\u015fme ve sanayile\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda da s\u00fcrerken baz\u0131 fabrikalar, yollar ve barajlar ekonomik darbo\u011faza ra\u011fmen hizmete al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131 ile esnek kur rejimi d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t\u00dclke ekonomisinde ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek amac\u0131yla 24 Ocak 1980’de “Ekonomik \u0130stikrar Kararlar\u0131” a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Kamuoyunda, 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131 olarak da bilinen programla ekonomi politikas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidildi. 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomi tarihinin \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan kararlarla sanayile\u015fme sistemi de\u011fi\u015fti ve ihracata dayal\u0131, d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131k ekonomi politikas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tBa\u015flat\u0131lan finansal serbestle\u015fme s\u00fcreciyle para ve kur politikalar\u0131n\u0131n TCMB taraf\u0131ndan piyasa ekonomisiyle uyumlu \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in gerekli altyap\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Para politikas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, mevduat ve kredi faizlerinin piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131nda belirlenmesi h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. T\u00fcrk paras\u0131, yabanc\u0131 paralar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda deval\u00fce edilerek, sabit kur rejiminden esnek kur rejimine ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

\n\tK\u00f6pr\u00fcler, havalimanlar\u0131 hizmete al\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tBu d\u00f6nemde de aralar\u0131nda G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi’nin de oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok proje ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131rken otoyollara h\u0131z verildi, aralar\u0131nda Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i’nin de oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fcler ve havalimanlar\u0131 hizmete al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tBuna kar\u015f\u0131n artan i\u00e7 bor\u00e7, y\u00fckselen faiz \u00f6demeleri, kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 11’i a\u015fmas\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131n durma noktas\u0131na gelmesinin ard\u0131ndan 5 Nisan 1994’te geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ekonomik \u00f6nlem paketi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Paketle, TCMB 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck bankan\u0131n verilerinden kurlar hesaplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki memur ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6demelerinin b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6denekleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131, kamu personel al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nlem pakette yer ald\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n beklenen olmad\u0131, dolar h\u0131zla artt\u0131, baz\u0131 bankalar batt\u0131 ve i\u015fsizlik y\u00fckseldi. Ekonomi bu d\u00f6nem y\u00fczde 5,5 darald\u0131. Ya\u015fanan durgunlukla birlikte bir\u00e7ok firma ya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc ya da iflas etti. May\u0131s 1994’te de IMF ile 14 ayl\u0131k yeni bir Stand-By Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Bu y\u0131llarda ter\u00f6r m\u00fccadele nedeniyle baz\u0131 kaynaklar da ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yerine g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131na harcand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tBu geli\u015fmelerin g\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkiye, ilk uydusu T\u00fcrksat 1B’yi uzaya g\u00f6nderirken ilk cep telefonu operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc hizmete ald\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verildi. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fmeleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 1 Ocak 1996’da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tG\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen m\u00fczakerelerin ard\u0131ndan 6 Mart 1995’teki Ortakl\u0131k Konseyi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nan karar sonras\u0131 1 Ocak 1996’da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. AB’ye girmeden G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalayan tek \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrkiye olmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya devam ediliyor. T\u00fcrkiye ile AB aras\u0131nda sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ticaretinde g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri, miktar k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 ve \u00f6nlemler ortadan kalkarken AB’nin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 serbest ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011frudan taraf olmamas\u0131, kara yolu kotalar\u0131, dan\u0131\u015fma ve karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin yeterince yer almamas\u0131 baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi.<\/p>\n

\n\t2001 krizi sonras\u0131nda “Dervi\u015f” d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t1994 krizi, Asya’da ya\u015fanan ekonomik geli\u015fmeler, 1999 Marmara Depremi, finans piyasalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan gerilim “2001 krizini” tetikledi. Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu’nda ya\u015fanan Anayasa kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kamuoyuna yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Borsa \u0130stanbul’da sert d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler meydana gelirken gecelik faiz oranlar\u0131 7 binleri a\u015ft\u0131. Finans en fazla etkilenen sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmelerle birlikte D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapan Kemal Dervi\u015f, d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit’in daveti \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye’ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ekonomiden sorumlu Devlet Bakan\u0131 olarak atanan Dervi\u015f, yeni ekonomik program a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. IMF ile m\u00fczakereleri y\u00fcr\u00fcten Dervi\u015f, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yasal de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yaparak piyasalarda g\u00fcven ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t2002 sonras\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ekonomiye g\u00fcvenini art\u0131rd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t2002’de AK Parti’nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara gelmesiyle siyasetle birlikte ekonomide de istikrar hedeflendi. AK Parti h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131sal reformlar, mali disiplin, s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131 temel makroekonomik g\u00f6stergelerde iyile\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu olumlu geli\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcveninin artmas\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m miktar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar meydana geldi.<\/p>\n

\n\tGe\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerde y\u00fcksek enflasyon nedeniyle de\u011fer kaybeden T\u00fcrk liras\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in paradan 6 s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1 Ocak 2005’ten itibaren “1 milyon T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 (1.000.000 TL)” “1 Yeni T\u00fcrk liras\u0131na (1 YTL)” e\u015fitlendi. T\u00fcrk liras\u0131ndaki “Yeni” ibaresi de 2009’da kald\u0131r\u0131larak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc paralar tedav\u00fcle sokuldu.<\/p>\n

\n\t2008’de k\u00fcresel ekonomide 1929 Buhran\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan en derin krizlerden biri ya\u015fand\u0131. ABD’de ba\u015flayan “Mortage Krizi” t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. S\u00fcre\u00e7, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin iflas\u0131na, bankalar\u0131n batmas\u0131na ve milyonlarca ki\u015finin de i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131na neden oldu. T\u00fcrkiye ise bu krizden en az etkilenen \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tIMF’ye bor\u00e7 may\u0131s 2013’te kapat\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’nin 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomi tarihine damga vuran konulardan biri de Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu (IMF) ile ili\u015fkiler oldu. T\u00fcrkiye, 1944’te kurulan IMF’ye 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcye olmu\u015ftu. \u0130lk kez 1958’de d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 alabilmek amac\u0131yla IMF taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan program\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu. IMF ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ilk Stand-By Anla\u015fmas\u0131 da 1 Ocak 1961’de yap\u0131ld\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, daha \u00f6nce 19 Stand-By Anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan IMF ile yeni bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Toplam 56,5 milyar bor\u00e7 alan T\u00fcrkiye, son taksitini may\u0131s 2013’te \u00f6deyerek IMF’ye olan borcunu s\u0131f\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tYerli ve milli teknolojiler desteklendi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tErdo\u011fan’\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde savunmadan enerjiye, ula\u015ft\u0131rmadan bili\u015fime bir\u00e7ok alanda da yerli ve milli teknolojiler desteklendi. Stratejik alanlarda at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlarla T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Bu d\u00f6nemde aralar\u0131nda insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan milli muharip u\u00e7a\u011fa, M\u0130LGEM’lerden tanka kadar savunma sanayisinde \u00e7e\u015fitli projeler h\u0131zla ilerletilirken h\u0131zl\u0131 tren ve metro projeleri uygulamaya al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tBu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Gezi Park\u0131 Olaylar\u0131, FET\u00d6’n\u00fcn 15 Temmuz hain darbe giri\u015fimi gibi olaylar T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisini de hedef ald\u0131. 2015’te sabit fiyatlarla ekonomi y\u00fczde 6,1 b\u00fcy\u00fcrken darbe giri\u015fimin ard\u0131ndan bu oran y\u00fczde 3,3’e geriledi. Bu yaralar\u0131 h\u0131zla saran T\u00fcrkiye, 2017’de y\u00fczde 7,5 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\n\t2019 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda ba\u015flayan ve 2020’den itibaren T\u00fcrkiye’de de etkisini hissettiren COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 arz ve talep dengesinde ani de\u011fi\u015fime, tedarik zincirinin bozulmas\u0131na, maliyetlerin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. K\u00fcresel piyasalarda oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde de daralma ya\u015fand\u0131. Salg\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok parasal ve mali \u00f6nlem paketi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tSalg\u0131n\u0131n yaralar\u0131 sar\u0131lmadan ba\u015flayan Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 k\u00fcresel ekonomide yeni bir krizin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da aralad\u0131. G\u0131da, alt\u0131n, enerji ve Brent petrol fiyatlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle olu\u015fturulan Tah\u0131l Koridoru ile sava\u015f\u0131n etkileri azalt\u0131lsa da d\u00fcnya y\u00fcksek enflasyon ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t“Mega projeler” birer birer hizmete al\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tSon olarak 6 \u015eubat’ta meydana gelen Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli depremler 12 ilde y\u0131k\u0131ma yol a\u00e7arken \u00fclke ekonomisinde y\u00fckl\u00fc bir fatura olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye, t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere kar\u015f\u0131n aralar\u0131nda Togg’un da oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok yerli ve milli projeyi hayata ge\u00e7irirken otoyollardan k\u00f6pr\u00fclere, barajlardan fabrikalara kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da yat\u0131r\u0131ma imza att\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck projeleri aras\u0131nda yer alan \u0130stanbul Havaliman\u0131, 1915 \u00c7anakkale ve Yavuz Sultan Selim k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, Yusufeli ve Deriner’in de aralar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu barajlar bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hizmete al\u0131nan projelerden sadece birka\u00e7\u0131 oldu. Enerjide yerli ve milli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara odaklan\u0131l\u0131rken Akkuyu’daki n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santral\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Tar\u0131mda teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 artt\u0131, ileti\u015fimde uydularla kapasite y\u00fckseltilirken T\u00fcrkiye milli uydular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretme noktas\u0131na geldi. Ticarette son d\u00f6nemde Cumhuriyet tarihinin rekorlar\u0131na imza at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\t25,5 trilyon liral\u0131k GSYH<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tCumhuriyet’in 100’\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 17. ekonomisi konumunda bulunuyor. Y\u0131ll\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gayrisafi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131la (GSYH) 1 trilyon dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. Orta Vadeli Program’a g\u00f6re, bu y\u0131l sonunda istihdam\u0131n 31 milyon 654 bin ki\u015fiyi bulmas\u0131 bekleniyor. GSYH’nin cari fiyatlarla 25 trilyon 483 milyar lira, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na milli gelirin ise 12 bin 415 dolar olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’nin ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda savunmadan demir yollar\u0131na, sanayiden tar\u0131ma her alanda yerli ve milli \u00fcretim hedefleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. ANKA ve Bayraktar S\u0130HA’lara, KAAN Milli Muharip U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131’na, M\u0130LGEM’lere kadar uzanan savunma sanayisindeki at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n di\u011fer alanlara da yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yol haritas\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor. Hedefler aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi aras\u0131na y\u00fckseltmek yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\n\t“T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131vrak hareket etme kabiliyetiyle zararlar\u0131 dengelemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\tAnkara Hac\u0131 Bayram Veli \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi \u0130ktisat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Mehmet Levent Y\u0131lmaz, Cumhuriyet’in 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomisine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmede bulundu.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’nin 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na girmemesinin stratejik bir hareket oldu\u011funu ve d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil etti\u011fini belirten Y\u0131lmaz, 1960 darbesine kadar ki s\u00fcre\u00e7te yerlile\u015fmenin yo\u011fun olarak devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Turgut \u00d6zal’\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma d\u00f6neminin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Y\u0131lmaz, G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n ise bug\u00fcn de hala tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\tY\u0131lmaz, Cumhuriyet tarihinin esas d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131n 3 Kas\u0131m 2002 se\u00e7imleri oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekerek, “3 Kas\u0131m 2002 se\u00e7imleriyle beraber T\u00fcrkiye, siyasi ve ekonomik istikrara kavu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 karar almas\u0131, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131 uzun vadede uygulayabilmesi \u00f6nemliydi. Koalisyonlar \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yordu ve al\u0131nan ekonomi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri uzat\u0131yordu.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\n\tYak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkiye’de ve k\u00fcresel ekonomide ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri an\u0131msatan Y\u0131lmaz, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n

\n\t“FET\u00d6’n\u00fcn darbe giri\u015fimi, uzun s\u00fcreden bu yana devam eden darbe s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin kanl\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na sadece 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fimi var diyemeyiz. Onun \u00f6ncesine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda biliyorsunuz sokak hareketleriyle ba\u015flayan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 var. Sokak hareketlerini takip eden d\u00f6nemde 17-25 Aral\u0131k s\u00fcrecinde yarg\u0131 ve polisin i\u00e7indeki FET\u00d6 \u00fcyelerinin demokratik yollarla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f iktidar\u0131 devirme giri\u015fimi var. Devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7ok ciddi \u00e7eki\u015fmeler, ciddi problemler ya\u015fand\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’yi uluslararas\u0131 camiada zor durumda b\u0131rakacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131n da at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bunlar tabi ekonomiye kademe kademe \u00e7ok ciddi zararlar verdi ama T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi o k\u0131vrak hareket etme kabiliyetiyle bu ekonomik zararlar\u0131 bir \u015fekilde dengelemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Tabiki hasar ald\u0131, tabiki maliyetleri zamana yay\u0131ld\u0131 ama bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.”<\/p>\n

\n\tY\u0131lmaz, salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminde izlenen politikalarla sanayinin a\u00e7\u0131k tutuldu\u011funu ve rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fi kaybetmemek ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek, Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n enerji krizini tetikledi\u011fini, salg\u0131n d\u00f6neminden kalan enflasyonist ortam\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fini bildirdi. 11 ili kapsayan Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli depremlerle ciddi bir y\u0131k\u0131mla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Y\u0131lmaz, depremlerin ekonomiye 200 milyar dolar zarar verdi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n

\n\tY\u0131lmaz, “Darbe giri\u015fimi, arkas\u0131ndan pandemi, ondan sonra Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n etkileri, b\u00f6lgemizde 40 y\u0131ldan bu yana devam eden ve olumsuz etkileyen ter\u00f6r faaliyetlerinin \u00fczerine b\u00f6yle ciddi bir felaket maliyeti eklenmi\u015f oldu. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131.” dedi.<\/p>\n

\n\tT\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’nin Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne 10’ar y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t\t\t\tY\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\tB\u00fcy\u00fcme Oran\u0131 (Y\u00fczde)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1923<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1930<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1940<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t-4,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1950<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t9,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1960<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1970<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t3,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1980<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t-2,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t1990<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t9,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2000<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t6,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2010<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t8,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2020<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t1,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2021<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t11,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2022<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t5,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t2023 (Tahmini)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n\tT\u00fcrkiye’nin son Orta Vadeli Program’\u0131ndaki ana hedefleri de \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\t\t\t\tY\u0131llar<\/strong><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2023 (GT)<\/strong><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2024<\/strong><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2025<\/strong><\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t2026<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tGSYH (Milyar TL-Cari fiyatlarla)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t25.483<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t41.159<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t52.942<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t62.997<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tKi\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelir (dolar)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t12.415<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t12.875<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t13.717<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t14.855<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\tGSYH b\u00fcy\u00fcme (Y\u00fczde)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4,4<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t4,5<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\u0130stihdam (bin ki\u015fi)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t31.654<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t32.428<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t33.340<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t34.381<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\u0130hracat (milyar dolar)<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t255<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t267<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t283,6<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t302,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n
ET\u0130KETLER<\/div>\n
\n Ekonomik B\u00fcy\u00fcme
\n Cumhuriyetin 100. y\u0131l\u0131\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk liderli\u011finde Cumhuriyet’in kurucu kadrolar\u0131, siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kadar, iktisadi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4572,4576,4574,34,831,4573,4575,1436,538],"class_list":["post-3994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi-haberleri","tag-badirelere","tag-basardi","tag-biri","tag-buyuk","tag-dunyanin","tag-ekonomilerinden","tag-olmayi","tag-ragmen","tag-turkiye"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye, badirelere ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerinden biri olmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 - Es-Exchange Ekonomi Haberleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/es-exchange.com\/haberler\/?p=3994\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye, badirelere ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerinden biri olmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 - 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